Albinism is a rare genetic disorder that affects the production of melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. People with albinism have little or no melanin production. The main features of albinism include:

1. Pale skin and hair
   People with albinism have very light or almost white hair and pale white skin that does not tan and is highly susceptible to sunburn.
2. Vision problems
   Most individuals with albinism have some degree of vision impairment. Common issues include:

• Photophobia (sensitivity to bright light)
• Nystagmus (involuntary eye movements)
• Strabismus (crossed eyes)
• Poor visual acuity (blurred vision)
• Lack of pigmentation in the retina and iris

1. Eye color
   People with albinism have pale blue or violet-colored eyes due to the lack of pigment in the iris.
2. Hearing loss
   Some forms of albinism are associated with increased risk of hearing loss in some cases.

There are different types of albinism, the most common being oculocutaneous albinism which affects the skin, hair, and eyes. It can occur in all racial and ethnic groups.

Albinism is an inherited genetic condition, most often following an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern where both parents must carry the albinism gene for a child to be affected.

There is no cure for albinism, but treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and protecting the skin and eyes from sun exposure. Tinted sunglasses, hats, sunscreen, and vision aids can help. With proper support, most people with albinism can live normal, productive lives.

It’s a rare condition, affecting about 1 in 17,000-20,000 people worldwide. Raising awareness helps address myths and social stigma sometimes faced by those with albinism.

How is albinism treated?

Albinism is a genetic condition characterized by a lack of melanin pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. There is no cure for albinism, but the symptoms and associated vision problems can be managed. Treatment for albinism typically focuses on protecting the skin and eyes from the sun and managing vision issues.

1. Sun Protection: People with albinism have very sensitive skin and are at a higher risk of sunburn and skin cancer. Sunscreen, protective clothing, and sunglasses can help protect the skin and eyes from sun damage.
2. Vision Correction: Many people with albinism have vision problems, such as reduced visual acuity, nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), and sensitivity to light (photophobia). Prescription glasses, contact lenses, and vision aids may be used to improve vision.
3. Regular Eye Exams: Regular eye exams are important to monitor vision and detect any eye conditions early. People with albinism may be at a higher risk of certain eye conditions, such as strabismus (crossed eyes) and amblyopia (lazy eye).
4. Low Vision Aids: Low vision aids, such as magnifiers, telescopic lenses, and large-print materials, can help improve vision for tasks like reading and writing.
5. Education and Support: It’s important for individuals with albinism and their families to receive education and support regarding the condition. This can include information about managing symptoms, coping with vision issues, and connecting with support groups.

While there is no cure for albinism, with proper management and support, individuals with the condition can lead full and productive lives.