Basal Cell Carcinoma Symptoms

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of skin cancer. Here are the common symptoms of basal cell carcinoma:

1. Skin growth or lesion: The most common symptom is the appearance of a new growth or lesion on the skin, which may be a:
   • Small, smooth, shiny, or pearly bump
   • Reddish patch of skin
   • Waxy, scar-like lesion
2. Bleeding: The growth or lesion may bleed easily or develop a crusted surface.
3. Ulceration: Over time, the lesion may become an open sore that does not heal or heals and then reopens.
4. Irregular borders: The borders of the growth or lesion may appear irregular, raised, or poorly defined.
5. Color changes: The lesion may have different colors, such as pink, red, brown, or even black in some cases.
6. Oozing or crusting: The growth may ooze or develop a persistent crust.
7. Size changes: The lesion may gradually increase in size over time.
8. Itching or tenderness: Some basal cell carcinomas may be itchy or tender to the touch.
9. Recurrence: If a previous skin growth or lesion was treated, but it reappears or does not heal properly, it may be a sign of basal cell carcinoma.

While these are common symptoms, not all basal cell carcinomas exhibit every symptom, and some may be subtle or easily overlooked. It’s important to note that basal cell carcinomas rarely spread to other parts of the body, but they can cause significant local tissue destruction if left untreated.

If you notice any new, changing, or persistent skin growth, lesion, or unusual skin changes, it’s recommended to consult a dermatologist for proper evaluation and diagnosis. Early detection and treatment are crucial for effective management of basal cell carcinoma.

Basal Cell Carcinoma Causes

The primary cause of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds. Other potential causes and risk factors include:

1. UV radiation exposure:

• Frequent and prolonged exposure to UV radiation, either from natural sunlight or artificial sources like tanning beds, is the main risk factor for developing BCC.
• UV radiation damages the DNA in skin cells, leading to mutations that can cause uncontrolled cell growth.

1. Fair skin tone:

• People with fair skin tones, light hair color, and light-colored eyes have a higher risk of developing BCC because they have less melanin, which provides natural protection against UV radiation.

1. History of sunburns:

• Severe and frequent sunburns, especially during childhood and adolescence, increase the risk of developing BCC later in life.

1. Older age:

• The risk of BCC increases with age as a result of cumulative UV radiation exposure over the years.

1. Weakened immune system:

• People with weakened immune systems, such as those who have undergone organ transplants or have certain autoimmune disorders, have a higher risk of developing BCC.

1. Exposure to ionizing radiation:

• Exposure to ionizing radiation, such as radiation therapy for cancer treatment, can increase the risk of developing BCC.

1. Genetic factors:

• Certain genetic disorders, such as basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome) or xeroderma pigmentosum, can increase the risk of developing BCC.

1. Previous skin cancer:

• People who have had BCC or other types of skin cancer in the past have a higher risk of developing new skin cancers.

1. Chronic inflammatory skin conditions:

• Conditions like chronic wounds or scars can increase the risk of developing BCC in the affected areas.

While UV radiation exposure is the primary cause, other factors like genetics, immune status, and environmental exposures can also contribute to the development of basal cell carcinoma. Practicing sun protection and regular skin examinations are crucial for early detection and prevention of this common type of skin cancer.

What is the treatment for Basal cell carcinoma?

The treatment for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) depends on various factors, such as the size, location, and subtype of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health and preferences. The main treatment options for BCC include:

1. Surgery:

• Excision: This involves surgically removing the cancerous growth along with a margin of surrounding healthy tissue. It is the most common treatment for BCC.
• Mohs surgery: This specialized surgical technique involves removing the tumor layer by layer and examining each layer under a microscope until no cancer cells remain. It is often used for larger or recurring BCCs, or those in high-risk areas like the face.

1. Electrodesiccation and curettage (ED&C):

• This procedure involves scraping away the cancerous cells with a curette (a ring-shaped surgical instrument) and then using an electrical current to destroy any remaining cancer cells.
• It is suitable for smaller, well-defined BCCs.

1. Cryosurgery:

• This involves freezing the cancerous growth with liquid nitrogen, causing the cells to die.
• It is often used for small, low-risk BCCs.

1. Topical medications:

• Certain creams or gels containing drugs like 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or imiquimod can be applied directly to the skin to treat some types of superficial BCCs.
• These medications stimulate the immune system to attack and destroy the cancer cells.

1. Photodynamic therapy (PDT):

• This involves applying a light-sensitive medication to the skin and then exposing it to a specific type of light, which destroys the cancer cells.
• PDT is sometimes used for superficial BCCs or precancerous lesions.

1. Radiation therapy:

• External beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy (internal radiation) may be used in cases where surgery is not possible or recommended, such as for patients with advanced age or other medical conditions.

1. Targeted therapy:

• Certain targeted drugs like vismodegib (Erivedge) or sonidegib (Odomzo) may be used to treat advanced or metastatic BCC that cannot be treated with surgery or radiation.

The choice of treatment depends on factors like the size, location, and subtype of the BCC, as well as the patient’s age, overall health, and preferences. In some cases, a combination of treatments may be recommended. Regular follow-up and skin examinations are essential to monitor for any recurrence or new skin cancers.