What are the symptoms of oral thrush?

The symptoms of oral thrush can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but common symptoms may include:

1. White lesions: The most common sign of oral thrush is the presence of white, creamy lesions on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, tonsils, or roof of the mouth. These lesions may resemble cottage cheese and can be easily wiped away, leaving behind red, inflamed tissue.
2. Pain and discomfort: The lesions caused by oral thrush can be painful and may cause discomfort, especially when eating or drinking.
3. Bleeding: In some cases, the lesions may bleed slightly when scraped or brushed.
4. Redness and soreness: The affected areas of the mouth may appear red and swollen, and may be sore to the touch.
5. Loss of taste: Some people with oral thrush may experience a loss of taste or a metallic taste in the mouth.
6. Cracking and redness at the corners of the mouth: In some cases, oral thrush can cause redness, cracking, or fissures at the corners of the mouth, known as angular cheilitis.
7. Difficulty swallowing: Severe cases of oral thrush can cause difficulty swallowing, especially if the lesions are large or numerous.

It’s important to note that not everyone with oral thrush will experience all of these symptoms, and the severity of symptoms can vary. If you suspect you have oral thrush, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

What are the causes of oral thrush?

Oral thrush is caused by an overgrowth of the Candida fungus, typically Candida albicans, in the mouth. Candida is a type of yeast that is normally present in small amounts in the mouth and other parts of the body. However, certain factors can cause the Candida fungus to multiply and lead to an infection. Some common causes and risk factors for oral thrush include:

1. Weakened immune system: A weakened immune system can increase the risk of developing oral thrush. This can occur due to conditions such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, or certain medications that suppress the immune system.
2. Antibiotics: Taking antibiotics can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria and fungi in the mouth, allowing the Candida fungus to grow unchecked.
3. Corticosteroids: Using corticosteroid inhalers for asthma can increase the risk of oral thrush, as corticosteroids can weaken the immune system and promote the growth of fungi.
4. Dentures: Wearing dentures that don’t fit properly or that aren’t cleaned regularly can create a breeding ground for the Candida fungus.
5. Poor oral hygiene: Not brushing or flossing regularly can allow the Candida fungus to multiply in the mouth.
6. Dry mouth: Conditions that cause dry mouth, such as certain medications, can increase the risk of oral thrush, as saliva helps to keep the mouth clean and prevent the overgrowth of fungi.
7. Smoking: Smoking can weaken the immune system and irritate the mouth, increasing the risk of oral thrush, so quit smoking.
8. Underlying medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as cancer or autoimmune diseases, can increase the risk of oral thrush due to their effects on the immune system.
9. Age: Infants, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of developing oral thrush.

It’s important to note that while these factors can increase the risk of oral thrush, not everyone who is exposed to the Candida fungus will develop an infection. If you are at risk for oral thrush or have symptoms of the condition, it’s important to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

What is the treatment for oral thrush?

The treatment for oral thrush typically involves antifungal medications that are either applied directly to the affected area or taken orally. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the underlying cause. Common treatments for oral thrush include:

1. Antifungal mouthwash: An antifungal mouthwash, such as nystatin, can be swished around the mouth and then swallowed to treat oral thrush.
2. Antifungal lozenges: Antifungal lozenges, such as clotrimazole, can be dissolved slowly in the mouth to treat oral thrush.
3. Antifungal medications: In severe cases or in people with weakened immune systems, antifungal medications may be prescribed to be taken orally. These medications include fluconazole, itraconazole, or voriconazole.
4. Topical antifungal creams: In cases of angular cheilitis (redness and cracking at the corners of the mouth), a topical antifungal cream may be prescribed.
5. Probiotics: Probiotics, such as lactobacillus, may be recommended to help restore the natural balance of bacteria and fungi in the mouth.
6. Improving oral hygiene: Practicing good oral hygiene, such as brushing the teeth twice a day, flossing daily, and cleaning dentures regularly, can help prevent and treat oral thrush.
7. Treating underlying conditions: If oral thrush is caused by an underlying condition, such as diabetes or a weakened immune system, treating the underlying condition is important to prevent recurrence of the infection.

It’s important to follow the prescribed treatment plan and finish the full course of medication, even if symptoms improve before the medication is finished. If you suspect you have oral thrush, it’s important to seek medical advice for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.