What are the symptoms of ovarian cysts?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on the ovaries. Most ovarian cysts are harmless and don’t cause symptoms. However, some ovarian cysts can cause symptoms, especially if they rupture or become large. Common symptoms of ovarian cysts may include:

1. Pelvic pain: This is the most common symptom of ovarian cysts. The pain may be dull or sharp and may come and go. It can occur on one side of the pelvis or abdomen, depending on which ovary the cyst is on.
2. Bloating: Some women with ovarian cysts may experience bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen.
3. Pressure: Ovarian cysts can sometimes cause pressure on the bladder or rectum, leading to frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder completely.
4. Changes in menstruation: Ovarian cysts can sometimes cause changes in the menstrual cycle, such as irregular periods or spotting between periods.
5. Pain during intercourse: Some women with ovarian cysts may experience pain during sexual intercourse.
6. Nausea and vomiting: In some cases, large ovarian cysts can cause nausea and vomiting, especially if they rupture.
7. Difficulty emptying the bladder: Large ovarian cysts can sometimes press on the bladder, leading to difficulty emptying the bladder completely.
8. Infertility: In rare cases, ovarian cysts can interfere with ovulation and lead to infertility.

It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, so it’s essential to see a healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis if you experience any of these symptoms.

What are the causes of ovarian cysts?

Ovarian cysts can develop for several reasons, and the specific cause can vary depending on the type of cyst. Some common causes of ovarian cysts include:

1. Follicular cysts: These are the most common type of ovarian cyst and form when a follicle (sac that contains an egg) does not rupture to release the egg and instead continues to grow. This type of cyst usually resolves on its own within a few months.
2. Corpus luteum cysts: These cysts form after an egg has been released from a follicle. The empty follicle sac (corpus luteum) may fill with fluid or blood, forming a cyst. Most corpus luteum cysts resolve on their own, but some can cause pain or bleeding.
3. Endometriomas: These cysts form as a result of endometriosis, a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus. Endometriomas can cause pain and may affect fertility.
4. Dermoid cysts: Also known as mature cystic teratomas, dermoid cysts form from cells that produce human eggs. These cysts can contain tissue such as hair, skin, or teeth and are typically benign (non-cancerous).
5. Cystadenomas: These cysts develop from the surface of the ovary and can be filled with a watery or mucous-like fluid. While most cystadenomas are benign, some can be cancerous.
6. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): PCOS is a hormonal disorder that can cause multiple small cysts to form on the ovaries. These cysts can lead to irregular periods, infertility, and other symptoms.
7. Pregnancy: In some cases, a cyst called a corpus luteum cyst can form during early pregnancy to help maintain the pregnancy until the placenta forms. This type of cyst usually resolves on its own.

It’s important to note that ovarian cysts are common and often do not cause symptoms. In many cases, they resolve on their own without the need for treatment. However, if you experience symptoms such as pelvic pain or bloating, it’s important to see a healthcare provider for evaluation and appropriate management.

What is the treatment for ovarian cysts?

The treatment for ovarian cysts depends on several factors, including the size and type of the cyst, whether or not it is causing symptoms, and whether you have any risk factors for ovarian cancer.

1. Watchful waiting: If the cyst is small, fluid-filled, and not causing symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend watchful waiting. This means monitoring the cyst with regular ultrasounds to see if it resolves on its own.
2. Medication: If you are experiencing pain or other symptoms, your healthcare provider may recommend over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen to help manage the discomfort. Hormonal contraceptives, such as birth control pills, may also be prescribed to help prevent new cysts from forming.
3. Surgery: If the cyst is large, causing severe symptoms, or appears suspicious for cancer, your healthcare provider may recommend surgery to remove the cyst. This procedure, known as an ovarian cystectomy, can usually be done laparoscopically, which is less invasive than traditional surgery.
4. Monitoring: If you have a history of ovarian cysts or are at increased risk for ovarian cancer, your healthcare provider may recommend regular monitoring with ultrasounds and blood tests to check for changes in the cyst and to screen for cancer.

It’s important to discuss your treatment options with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for your individual situation. If you experience sudden, severe abdominal pain, fever, or vomiting, seek immediate medical attention, as these symptoms could indicate a ruptured cyst or other serious complication.